Top 7 VPN Services in 2022
Infrastructure
27.04.2022
9 min read
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VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a special set of technologies that helps users around the world to visit websites that are blocked or not available in their country. But VPNs have many other uses. We will now discuss what a VPN really is, how it works, why you might want to use one and which VPN service to choose
What is VPN?
Imagine a standard connection to the internet. Without a VPN it looks like this:
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The user enters the website address.
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The server where the site is hosted accepts a request from the user with relevant data (IP, telemetry, etc.).
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The server returns all the data that the user wants to see (media content, articles and so on).
Such a connection is not all that secure and anyone who uses it is left vulnerable (with their data exposed to third parties). It won't a problem if we use protected networks (like WiFi at your house with a WPA-2 password), but when it's a public network everything changes and a user might stumble upon some unexpected problems. Even mediocre hackers can intercept the data that is passed through free public WiFi in cafes or domestic libraries. Sometimes they just visit web pages, at other times credit card data.
VPN is a set of tools that in combination provides users with mechanisms that help to minimize the risk of data leakage while still allowing people to use free public networks. The core of any VPN is the server — the remote computer between you and the internet. Before passing any request to the server of the visited website you pass it to the VPN server using an encrypted channel and then the VPN server passes data further into the web. The best thing is that a VPN server gives a website depersonalized data without your IP address and other stuff you probably want to keep hidden from third parties.
Of course, a VPN can be used as an instrument to override all the obstacles that can appear while you try to access Hulu or Pandora outside of the USA. Such functions are really useful in countries with no access to popular products like Spotify, HBO, Netflix or even Google. All you have to do is to rent a VPN server in the country where all these services are available. Nothing will prevent you from watching your favorite TV shows.
How to choose a VPN service?
The most reliable and secure way to use a VPN is to deploy your own virtual private network using special utilities on top of a remote PC hosted on the hardware of the company that you can trust (or even your own). It is not possible to implement everything by yourself without specific skills and knowledge which is why not all the users choose this method. Anyway, you don't have to be a hacker if you want to use a VPN because there are a lot of services that provide users with a pre-configured VPN that can be set up in a click.
If you still wish to set up your very own VPN, you can rent a reliable and functional server at hostman.com. It then can be used to install and configure all the software that is necessary to run an almost independent virtual private network.
Every TOP of VPN services is formed using a certain set of criteria. We recommend you to consider:
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The provider. The company that rents you a remote PC with a pre configured VPN should be trustworthy. Actually, you give it your personal data and you must be extremely picky while choosing a VPN service. Avoid ones which have already been compromised (experienced data leakage or was selling too much information to ad running companies).
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The price. You should understand that there's no such thing as a free lunch. Every VPN service must monetise their business somehow. That is why we recommend avoiding totally free services. It is highly likely that they sell your data or bombard you with a loads of ads.
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Number of servers and "their habitat". There is a simple rule that you should follow when choosing a VPN — the more servers around the globe the service has the better. It makes it possible to overcome restrictions and guarantees a fast and stable connection in any part of the planet. The VPN becomes much more powerful because of this.
- Used protocols. Protocols like PPTP and L2TP are considered outdated. You should avoid them. There are reliable and secure alternatives like OpenVPN and Wireguard. Pick them instead.
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Privacy policy, user agreement and the way the service collects and stores your personal data. Many companies that provide users with VPNs collect some personal data. Before paying for the service you should read about how it deals with network logs. We also recommend finding out where the VPN service is registered. Depending on the origin of the VPN your data might be stored and processed differently.
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Functionality. It is the must for the modern VPN service to have features like kill-switch or DNS-leakage protection.
Based on these criteria we created a TOP of free and paid VPN services.
VPN services
HMA
Official website: https://www.hidemyass.com
HMA VPN was created by Czech company Avast in 2005. The service itself quickly became notorious because of its aggressive marketing. But this one is popular not only because of the promotion it has received but because of its quickness. It is one of the fastest VPNs from the list of paid ones. The best feature of HMA — the tremendous number of servers around the world. There are some drawbacks, for example, because HMA works in an EU country it has to store user logs and nobody tries to hide this fact.
Features:
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Monthly plan will cost you about 12 dollars (the annual one costs less).
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1100+ servers in 290 locations.
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Servers that are really great for streaming and organizing P2P-connections.
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Capability of using 5 devices in parallel.
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But it is not anonymous. User logs are stored on the company's servers for three months (sometimes for more if your behavior is suspicious).
Astrill VPN
Official website: https://www.astrill.com/
This service was developed by Astrill System Corp, a company registered in the Seychelles. It has been going for 13 years now. This VPN allows you to use up to 5 devices simultaneously with one account. Astrill can be installed on all popular operating systems. The price may upset you but for this money you will get one of the fastest VPNs available on European servers. Lots of users love this service because of the Seychelles being an offshore jurisdiction. That means that Astrill doesn't have to follow all the strict laws of the EU and US. So you can be sure that nobody will demand user logs from this particular VPN.
Features:
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The price of the monthly plan is 25 dollars.
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Servers in 106 cities in 56 different countries.
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The company is based in the Seychelles.
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Special servers designed to work with YouTube, Netflix and Twitch.
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Some servers have restrictions that stop users working with torrent trackers and other P2P software.
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Logs are not stored but information about the last 20 connections is still saved.
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There is support for third-party DNS-servers.
Cyber Ghost
Official website: https://www.cybergohstvpn.com
A service created by a Romanian provider in 2011. There is a standard list of advantages that you would expect from a good VPN. It allows you to use up to 5 devices simultaneously and doesn't cost that much. Even though the company itself must follow EU rules it promises not to store any logs (it is up to you to believe them or not but we think it is a bit suspicious). Along with the service application you will get a function for blocking ad services and malware.
Features:
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A decent price (12 euro per month).
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1300+ servers around the globe.
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Additional privacy services that block third-party connections and protect devices from malware and viruses.
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Servers from the US might not be suitable for working with torrent trackers.
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Cyber Ghost offers its own DNS-servers.
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Every instance of CyberGhost applications can be used with a separate VPN server.
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Flexible features.
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Mediocre bandwidth is about 50-60 Mbps.
Nord VPN
Official website: https://nordvpn.com/
This VPN service is juridically located in an offshore zone (in Panama to be exact), that's why many users call it secure (no harsh laws requiring the storage of user logs there). Nord VPN has worked for more than 14 years. It allows you to connect up to 6 devices simultaneously. The best part of this service is an extremely low ping (latency of the signal from servers). For this reason NordVPN is loved among gamers. And that is not all. There are features like double VPN (hiding two connection points at once), capability of connecting to the TOR network through the VPN, dedicated IP address, DDoS-protection.
Features:
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Monthly plan costs 10 euros.
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The download speed on European servers is about 65 Mbps.
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Nord VPN works with OpenVPN protocol by default but you can configure another protocol if you wish to.
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Noticeably low latency of signal.
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A lot of additional features that can't be covered in this article.
PrivateVPN
Official website: https://privatevpn.com
Private VPN was developed by Swedish developers in 2009. It is easy to describe PrivateVPN in a few words: it is fast, it allows you to use P2P and torrent trackers and offers special servers exclusively for streaming. The company itself is registered in the EU so you know where your data is stored. To mention something specific we should highlight the opportunity to forward the dedicated port for torrent trackers right inside the PrivateVPN application.
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Monthly plan will cost you 8.5 euros.
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The speed of data transferring varies but usually sits around 65-70 Mbps.
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The ping is quite low (less than 2ms).
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PrivateVPN has its own dedicated DNS-server.
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Not so many servers. About 200 in 63 locations. This leads to some problems with connectivity and speed in rush hours (servers might be overloaded).
HideME
VPN provider from Malaysia that established its business in 2012. There's a classic set of features you would expect from such services. For instance, an ability to connect up to 5 devices to one account. The developer of HideMe itself says that the idea of the service is to provide excellent speed without any sacrifices to privacy. Logs are stored but only till you drop the connection. There are more specific features like randomizing ports at every connection. Users trust HideMe and call it one of the most secure and trusted VPNs out there.
Features:
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Fast connection (up to 250 Mbps on servers located in Great Britain).
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The plan costs aorund 10 euros.
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HideMe can offer its own DNS servers.
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Ping in EU servers is less than 2ms.
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But what is really great is that HideMe offers a great free plan (10 Gb traffic limit, only 5 locations, 1 connection at the moment).
ProtonVPN
Official website: https://protonvpn.com
Proton VPN can be described with two words: Swiss reliability. This product is made by the company which has developed one of the most secure and trusted email platforms. ProtonVPN can boast of a large selection of plans. There's a free one that comes with unlimited connection to 50 different servers in 3 countries. The main advantage of ProtonVPN — location. This company was established in Switzerland where extremely strict laws keep users' personal data protected from third parties.
Features:
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Quite a large set of plans (from a free one to one that costs 24 euro per month).
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Located in Switzerland.
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The speed is about 80 Mbps on European servers.
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An opportunity to pass the traffic through Tor network.
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All the data passed through ProtonVPN is always forwarded between many servers before it goes right to the service you want to use while staying anonymous.
Infrastructure
27.04.2022
9 min read
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Infrastructure
VMware Cloud Director: What It Is and How to Use It
VMware Cloud Director (formerly vCloud Director, or “vCD”) is a modern solution for cloud providers, mainly designed for building virtual data centers on top of physical infrastructure. The platform allows combining all of a data center’s physical resources into virtual pools, which are then offered to end users on a rental basis.
It integrates tightly with VMware’s own technologies: vCenter and vSphere. vCenter is a set of tools for managing virtual infrastructure, and vSphere is the virtualization platform for cloud computing.
Key Capabilities of VMware Cloud Director
Creation of virtual data centers (vDCs) with full isolation of virtual services and resources.
Migration of virtual machines (VMs) between clouds, and self-deployment of OVF templates.
Snapshots and rollback of VM changes.
Creation of isolated and routable networks with external access.
Integrated, tiered storage with load balancing between virtual machines.
Network security: perimeter protection and firewalling.
Encryption of access to cloud resources to secure the virtual infrastructure.
Unified authentication across all VMware services (single sign-on) so users don’t need to re-authenticate.
Deployment of multi‑tier applications as ready-made virtual appliances, with VMs and OS images.
Allocation of isolated resources for different departments within a single virtual structure.
How VMware Cloud Director Works
VMware Cloud Director uses a multi-tenant model. Rather than building a dedicated environment for every customer, it creates a shared virtual environment. This reduces infrastructure maintenance costs massively: for large cloud providers, savings can reach hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars per year, which in turn lowers the rental cost for end users.
Resource consumption model:
Using vCenter and vSphere, the provider aggregates physical resources into a shared pool called a “virtual data center” (vDC).
From that pool, resources are allocated into Org vDCs (Organizational Virtual Data Centers), which are the fundamental compute units consumed by customers.
VMware Cloud Director syncs with the vSphere database to request and allocate the required amount of resources.
Org vDCs are containers of VMs and can be configured independently. Customers can order different numbers of Org vDCs for different purposes, e.g., one Org vDC for marketing, another for finance, a third for HR. At the same time, interconnectivity can be established between these Org vDCs, forming a large, virtual private data center.
It’s also possible to combine Org vDCs into multiple networks. Additionally, within those networks, one can create vApps (virtual applications) made up of VMs, each with their own gateways to connect to Org vDCs. This setup allows building virtual networks of any architecture, isolated or routable, to match various business needs.
When such a network is created, the provider assigns a user from the customer organization to the role of network administrator. A unique URL is also assigned to each organization. The administrator is responsible for adding or removing users, assigning roles and resources, creating network services, and more. They also manage connections to services provided by the cloud provider. For instance, VM templates or OVF/OVA modules, which simplify backup and VM migration.
Resource Allocation Models in VMware Cloud Director
VMware Cloud Director supports several models for allocating resources, depending on how you want to manage usage:
Allocation Pool: You set resource limits and also define a guaranteed percentage of the shared pool for a user. This model is good when you want predictable costs but don’t need full reservation.
Pay-As-You-Go: No guaranteed resources, only consumption-based; ideal if usage is variable. The model is flexible and fits users who want to grow gradually.
Reservation Pool: You reserve all available resources; user requests are limited only by what the provider’s data center can supply. Reservation Pool is suited for organizations that need fixed performance and large infrastructure.
Useful Features of VMware Cloud Director
Here are several powerful features that optimize resource usage, routing, and tenant isolation:
Delegation of Privileges
You can assign network administrators from the users of each organization. These admins get broad rights: they can create and manage VMs, deploy OVF/OVA templates, manage VM migration, set up isolated/routable networks, balance VM workloads, and more.
Monitoring and Analytics
Cloud Director includes a unified system for monitoring and analyzing VM infrastructure: VMs, storage, networks, memory. All data is logged and visualized in a dedicated dashboard, making it easier to detect and resolve problems proactively.
Networking Features
Networking in vCloud Director supports dynamic routing, distributed firewalls, hybrid cloud integration, and flexible traffic distribution. Many of these features are now standard in the newer versions of Cloud Director. If you don’t already have some of them, you may need to upgrade your NSX Edge and convert it to an Advanced Gateway in the UI.
Dynamic routing improves reliability by eliminating manual route configuration. You can also define custom routing rules based on IP/MAC addresses or groups of servers. With NSX Edge load balancing, incoming traffic can be distributed evenly across pools of VMs selected by IP, improving scalability and performance.
Access Control and More
You can create custom user roles in the Cloud Director UI to control access tailored to organizational needs.
VMs can be pinned to specific ESXi host groups (affinity rules), which helps with licensing or performance. If Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) is supported, Cloud Director can automatically balance VMs across hosts based on load.
Additional useful features include automatic VM discovery and import, batch updating of server cluster cells, and network migration tools.
25 November 2025 · 5 min to read
Infrastructure
Why Developers Use the Cloud: Capabilities and Advantages
Today, up to 100% of startups begin operating based on providers offering services ranging from simple virtual hosting to dedicated servers. In this article, we will examine the advantages of cloud computing that have led to its dominance over the “classic” approach of having a dedicated server in a separate room.
Cloud Use Cases
Typical scenarios for using cloud technologies include:
Full migration of a business application to a remote server. For example, enterprise resource planning or accounting software. These applications support operation via remote desktop interfaces, thin clients, or web browsers.
Migration of specific business functions. Increasingly, archival copies are stored in the cloud while software continues running locally. Alternatively, a backup SQL server node can be hosted remotely and connected in case the local server fails.
Implementation of new services. Businesses are increasingly adopting automated systems for data collection and analytics. For example, Business Intelligence (BI) technologies have become popular, helping generate current and comparative reports.
Interaction between local and cloud environments. Hybrid services are well established in large networks. For example, a retail store may operate a local network with an on-site server, receive orders from an online store, and send requests back to transport companies, and so on.This setup allows offline operation even if the internet is fully disconnected: processing sales, receiving shipments, conducting inventories, with automatic synchronization once connectivity is restored.
These examples represent foundational scenarios, giving developers plenty of room to innovate. This is one reason more and more coders are attracted to the cloud.
Advantages
Now let’s examine the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing. Yes, the technology has some drawbacks, including dependency on internet bandwidth and somewhat higher requirements for IT specialists. Experienced professionals may need retraining, whereas younger personnel who learn cloud technologies from the start do not face such challenges.
Speed
Software development often requires significant time and effort for application testing. Applications must be verified across multiple platforms, resolutions, and device types. Maintaining local machines dedicated to testing is inefficient.
Cloud computing solves this by enabling rapid deployment of virtually any environment, isolated from other projects, ensuring it does not interfere with team development. High deployment speed and access to cloud services also encourage IT startups to launch almost “from scratch,” with minimal resource investment.
The advantages of cloud services are especially critical when development volumes periodically expand. Purchasing hardware consumes a developer’s most valuable resource: time. In the cloud, selecting a plan takes just a few minutes, and the setup of a remote host for specific tasks can begin immediately. Hardware resources on the remote server, such as CPU cores, memory, and storage, can also be easily adjusted.
Security
Building a private server is expensive. Besides the powerful machines, you will need backup power and internet lines, a separate room with air conditioning and fire protection, and security personnel to prevent unauthorized access. Cloud providers automatically provide all these features at any service level.
Other security advantages include:
Easier identity and access management (IAM).
Higher reliability for continuous business operations.
Protection against theft or seizure of storage devices containing sensitive data.
On a cloud server, users cannot simply plug in a USB drive to download files. Data does not reside on local machines, and access is controlled according to company policy. Users only see what their role allows. This approach reduces the risk of viruses and accidental or intentional file deletion. Antivirus software runs on cloud platforms, and backups are automatically maintained.
Cost Efficiency
Purchasing server hardware is a major budget burden, even for large corporations. Before the cloud boom, this limited IT development. Modern developers often need test environments with unique infrastructure, which may only be required temporarily. Buying hardware for a one-time test is inefficient.
Short-term rental of cloud infrastructure allows developers to complete tasks without worrying about hardware maintenance. Equipment costs directly impact project pricing and developer competitiveness, so cloud adoption is advantageous. Today, most software is developed for cloud infrastructure, at least with support for it.
Maintenance, storage, and disposal costs for IT equipment also add up. Hardware becomes obsolete even if unused. This makes maintaining developer workstations for “simple” desktop software costly. Offloading this to a cloud provider allows developers to always work with the latest infrastructure.
Convenience
Another cloud advantage is ease of use. Cloud platforms simplify team collaboration and enable remote work. The platform is accessible from any device: desktop, laptop, tablet, or smartphone, allowing work from home, the office, or even a beach in Bali. Clouds have become a foundation for remote work, including project management.
Other conveniences include:
Easy client demonstrations: Developers can grant access and remotely show functionality, or run it on the client’s office computer without installing additional components.
Quick deployment of standard solutions: Setting up an additional workstation takes only a few minutes, from registering a new user to their trial login. New developers can quickly join ongoing tasks.
Easy role changes: In dynamic teams, personnel often switch between projects. Access to project folders can be revoked with a few clicks once a task is completed.
This also applies to routine work: adding new employees, blocking access for former staff, or reassigning personnel. A single administrative console provides an overview of activity and simplifies version tracking, archiving, and rapid deployment during failures.
Stability
Another factor affecting developer success is the speed of task completion. Beyond rapid deployment, system stability is critical. On local machines, specialists depend on hardware reliability. A failure could delay project timelines due to hardware replacement and configuration.
Moving software testing to the cloud enhances the stability of local IT resources, particularly in hybrid systems. Cloud data centers provide Tier 3 minimum reliability (99.982% uptime) without additional client investment. Resources are pre-provisioned and ready for use according to the chosen plan. Development, testing, and operation are typically conducted within a single provider’s platform, in an environment isolated from client services.
Conclusion
Cloud technologies offer numerous advantages with relatively few drawbacks. Businesses and individual users value these benefits, and developers are encouraged to follow trends and create new, in-demand products. Virtually all commerce has migrated to the cloud, and industrial sectors, especially those with extensive branch networks and remote facilities, are also adopting cloud solutions.
25 November 2025 · 6 min to read
Infrastructure
PostgreSQL vs MySQL: Which Database Is Right for Your Business?
PostgreSQL and MySQL are among the most popular relational databases. In this article, we will examine the functional differences between them and compare their performance so that you can choose the database that is suitable for your business.
PostgreSQL vs MySQL
Despite the increasing similarity in features between PostgreSQL and MySQL, important differences remain. For example, PostgreSQL is better suited for managing large and complex databases, while MySQL is optimal for website and online-application databases because it is oriented toward speed. This follows from the internal structure of these relational database systems, which we will examine.
Data Storage in PostgreSQL and MySQL
Like any other relational databases, these systems store data in tables. However, MySQL uses several storage engines for this, while PostgreSQL uses only a single storage engine. On one hand, this makes PostgreSQL more convenient, because MySQL’s engines read and write data to disk differently. On the other hand, MySQL offers greater flexibility in choosing a data engine.
However, PostgreSQL has an advantage: its storage engine implements table inheritance, where tables are represented as objects. As a result, operations are performed using object-oriented functions.
Support
The SQL standard is over 35 years old, and only the developers of PostgreSQL aim to bring their product into full compliance with the standard. The developers of MySQL use a different approach: if a certain feature simplifies working with the system, it will be implemented even if it does not fully conform to the standard. This makes MySQL more user-friendly compared to PostgreSQL.
In terms of community support, the number of MySQL developers still exceeds those working with PostgreSQL, but you can receive qualified help in both communities. In addition, many free guides and even books have been written about PostgreSQL, containing answers to most questions. It is also worth noting that both platforms are free, but MySQL has several commercial editions, which can sometimes lead to additional expenses.
Programming Languages
Both systems support a wide range of programming languages. Among the popular ones are C++, Java, Python, lua, and PHP. Therefore, a company’s development team will not face difficulties implementing features in either system.
Operating Systems
MySQL is a more universal system that runs on Windows, Linux, macOS, and several other operating systems. PostgreSQL was originally designed for Linux, but with the REST API interface, it becomes an equally universal solution that operates on any OS.
Data Processing
PostgreSQL provides more capabilities for data processing. For example, a cursor is used for moving through table data, and responses are written to the memory of the database server rather than the client, as in MySQL. PostgreSQL also allows building indexes simultaneously for several columns. It supports different index types, allowing work with multiple data types. This database also supports regular expressions in queries. However, new fields in PostgreSQL can only be added at the end of a table.
Parallel data processing is better organized in PostgreSQL because the platform has a built-in implementation of MVCC (multiversion concurrency control). MVCC can also be supported in MySQL, but only if InnoDB is used. Concerning replication, PostgreSQL supports logical, streaming, and bidirectional replication, while MySQL supports circular replication as well as master-master and master-standby. Replication refers to copying data between databases located on different servers.
PostgreSQL and MySQL: Performance Comparison
Testing is fair only when comparing two clean, “out-of-the-box” systems. Indexed testing provides the following results:
Insertion: PostgreSQL is more than 2.7× faster, processing a 400,000-record database in 5.5 seconds versus 15 seconds for MySQL.
Inner join: PostgreSQL processes 400,000 records in 1.1 seconds, MySQL in 2.8 seconds: a gain of more than 2.5×.
Indexed sorting: PostgreSQL processes the same number of records in 0.9 seconds, MySQL in 1.5 seconds.
Grouping: For the same 400,000-record database, PostgreSQL achieves 0.35 seconds, MySQL 0.52 seconds.
Indexed selection: PostgreSQL is 2× faster: 0.6 seconds vs. 1.2 seconds.
When it comes to updating data, PostgreSQL’s update time increases gradually as the number of records grows, while MySQL processes them in roughly the same time, starting from 100,000 records. This is due to different data-storage implementations. Nevertheless, PostgreSQL holds a significant advantage over MySQL even with large data volumes: 3.5 seconds versus 9.5 seconds for 400,000 records—more than 2.7× faster.
Without indexes, PostgreSQL also shows surprisingly high performance, processing a 400,000-record database in 1.3, 0.7, and 2.2 seconds for inner join, selection, and update operations, respectively.
Thus, PostgreSQL delivers an average performance advantage of about 2× (2.06). Although MySQL was originally positioned as a high-performance platform, constant optimization by the PostgreSQL development team has resulted in greater efficiency.
Advantages for Developers
Here we consider only the unique features characteristic of each platform. Therefore, we will not discuss support for MVCC or ACID, as these features are present in both systems.
From a developer’s perspective, MySQL is advantageous because it:
Provides increased flexibility and is easily scalable, with more than ten storage engines based on different data-storage algorithms.
Handles small read-oriented databases more efficiently (i.e., without frequent writes).
Is easier to manage and maintain, because it requires less configuration and fewer preparatory steps before starting work.
From a developer’s perspective, PostgreSQL is advantageous because it:
Offers an object-oriented approach to data, enabling inheritance and allowing the creation of more complex table structures that do not fit the traditional relational model.
Handles write-oriented databases better, including validation of written data.
Supports object-oriented programming features, enabling work with NoSQL-style data, including XML and JSON formats.
Can support databases without limitations on data volume. Some companies use PostgreSQL to run databases as large as several petabytes.
PostgreSQL and MySQL Comparison
For clarity, the main features of both systems can be presented in a table:
PostgreSQL
MySQL
Supported OS
Solaris, Windows, Linux, OS X, Unix, HP-UX
Solaris, Windows, Linux, OS X, FreeBSD
Use cases
Large databases with complex queries (e.g., Big Data)
Lighter databases (e.g., websites and applications)
Data types
Supports advanced data types, including arrays and hstore
Supports standard SQL data types
Table inheritance
Yes
No
Triggers
Supports triggers for a wide range of commands
Limited trigger support
Storage engines
Single (Storage Engine)
Multiple
As we can see, several features are implemented only in PostgreSQL. Both systems support ODBC, JDBC, CTE (common table expressions), declarative partitioning, GIS, SRS, window functions, and many other features.
Conclusion
Each system has its strengths. MySQL handles horizontal scaling well and is easier to configure and manage. However, if you expect database expansion or plan to work with different data types, it is better to consider implementing PostgreSQL in advance. Moreover, PostgreSQL is a fully free solution, so companies with limited budgets can use it without fear of unnecessary costs.
24 November 2025 · 6 min to read
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