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How to Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu

How to Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu
Minhal Abbas
Technical writer
PostgreSQL Ubuntu
24.01.2025
Reading time: 7 min

PostgreSQL is a well-known relational database management system that provides high-availability features. These are renowned for their functionalities, such as support for complex statements, views, triggers, and foreign keys. PostgreSQL is installed on Ubuntu to provide a secure as well as flexible DB infrastructure. By installing it on the Linux distribution, you can enable and deal with the vast data in an efficient and secure manner. This infrastructure is designed to deal with different workloads, from single-machine apps to large internet-facing apps with multiple concurrent users.

In this tutorial, we will walk through installing and setting up PostgreSQL on Ubuntu.

Installing PostgreSQL on Ubuntu

Ubuntu comes with the PostgreSQL package in its default repositories. You can install it on a Linux system following the given steps. It downloads the stable package. This is important for DB analysts, administrators, and industries that require a dependable DB solution for managing a large volume of data. 

Let’s move forward into each step of installing PostgreSQL with detailed explanations on Ubuntu.

Step 1: Refresh Ubuntu Repository

First, refresh the Ubuntu package indexes. It is useful for maintaining system stability and security:

sudo apt update

Step 2: PostgreSQL Installation 

PostgreSQL is included in Ubuntu's default repositories, making installation straightforward. To install it with some additional tools, execute the below command:

sudo apt install -y postgresql postgresql-contrib

Here:

  • postgresql: The core PostgreSQL DB server.
  • postgresql-contrib: Additional utilities and extensions useful for DB.

Step 3: Start and Enable Services

It is essential to enable the PostgreSQL service after installation and ensure it starts automatically upon bootup. The installed package utilizes the systemd daemon, which deals with the DB server runtime operations. 

Run the commands below to make sure the DB server automatically initializes when the server boots up.

Let’s initialize the service:

sudo systemctl start postgresql

And enable it so that it launches automatically when the machine boots up:

sudo systemctl enable postgresql

Image5

Step 4: Verify Installation

To verify if the installed package is operating properly, check out its status through the below:

sudo systemctl status postgresql

Image4

In the figure, you can see an active status. It represents the services that are correctly running.

Step 5: Access Shell

Finally, switch to the PostgreSQL user account and launch the CLI to interact with database operations. Here, the -i flag provides an interactive login shell:

sudo -i -u postgres

Image7

The above display gives access to a user account.

Once you're in the user environment, launch the CLI through the given command:

psql

Image6

As you can see in the above screenshot, this command launchs the CLI, where users can perform multiple operations by executing commands.

Step 6: Basic Database Commands

The creation of a database and a new user for any application is a good practice rather than using the root. In this way, a particular user can access the shell interface and run basic statements on the particular database. Here are general commands with thorough explanations and examples:

  1. Creation of the New Database

To prevent conflicts, ensure data integrity and control access privileges for different applications or users, you need to create a new database. For creation, use the given command within the shell:

CREATE DATABASE hostmandb;

Image10

The screenshot shows that a database has been created.

  1. Creation of the New User

Create a customized user and set a strong password:

CREATE USER hostman_user WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'Qwer1234';

Image8

We have created a hostman_user with the password Qwer1234.

  1. Give Privileges to the Created User

You can grant hostman_user complete privileges to the hostmandb through the given command. This allows controlled accessibility to database objects, enhancing data integrity as well as security:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE hostmandb TO hostman_user;

Image15

  1. Exit Shell

For closing the shell, you can utilize the \q option as below:

\q

Image14

The figure shows that the shell has been exited.

Finally, you can exit the user environment by executing the given command:

exit

Image13

The output confirms that you have returned to the main system user account.

  1. Access a Database as the Particular User

You can connect to the particular database from the specific user account through the -U flag:

psql -U hostman_user -d hostmandb -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432

Image16

Here:

  • -U hostman_user: Indicates the user.
  • -d hostmandb: Indicates the database name.
  • -h 127.0.0.1: Indicates the host (local machine).
  • -p 5432: Indicates the PostgreSQL default port.

In the given output, you can see that the user hostman_user has accessed the hostmandb console.

  1. Listing of All Databases

View all databases and check whether the hostmandb database is available or not:

\l

Image17

In the figure, you can see that the database hostmandb is listed.

  1. Switch/Connect to the Particular Database

To switch to a specific database, such as hostmandb, within PostgreSQL, use the \c command:

\c hostmandb

Image18

The above output confirms that the postgres user has successfully connected to the hostmandb database.

  1. Creation of the Particular Table

To create a customized table, use the below statement. In our example, we create a hostmantb table:

CREATE TABLE hostmantb(
   id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
   name VARCHAR(100),
   age INTEGER,
   department_id INTEGER
);

Image19

Here:

  • id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY: It creates an auto-incrementing primary key column with the name id.

  • name VARCHAR(100): It creates a name column that can store up to 100 characters.

  • age INTEGER: It creates an age column that stores integer values.

  • department_id INTEGER: This line creates a department_id column that stores integer values.

The outcome of the above screenshot confirms that the table hostmantb is successfully created with specific attributes.

  1. List All Tables in the Particular Database

For listing all tables in the hostmandb database, use the \dt command:

\dt

Image20

It displays all tables as well as confirms that the hostmantb is listed above.

  1. Overview a Table's Structure

You can view the structure of the created table through the \d command. Let’s display the structure of hostmantb table:

\d hostmantb

Image21

In the above figure, you can see the complete structure of hostmantb table with id, name, age, and department_id having specific types.

  1. Input Entries into a Particular Table

To input entries into a hostmantb table, use the below statement. This way, we input the values Peter, 35, and 1 to the columns name, age, and department_id, respectively:

INSERT INTO hostmantb(name, age, department_id) VALUES ('Peter', 35, 1);

Image22

The output confirms that we have successfully input data into the hostmantb table.

  1. Select All Data from a Particular Table

You can select all data from the hostmantb table through the below statement:

SELECT * FROM hostmantb;

Image23

  1. Modify Data in Particular Table

For modifying data in hostmantb, you can utilize the below statement. For example, set the age column to 40 for the row where the name column equals Peter:

UPDATE hostmantb SET age = 40 WHERE name = 'Peter';

Image9

The output confirms that the age column is updated.

  1. Remove Data from the Particular Table

In this section, you can remove data from the specific table through the DELETE statement. It deletes all entries from the hostmantb table where the value in the name column is Peter:

DELETE FROM hostmantb WHERE name = 'Peter';

Image12

In the screenshot, one entry from the hostmantb table is removed.

  1. Exit CLI

You can easily exit the CLI via the \q utility:

\q

Image11

This tutorial has given you thorough guidelines for every step involved in installing as well as setting PostgreSQL on Ubuntu. 

Conclusion

By installing PostgreSQL on Ubuntu, you can optimize the DB infrastructure. PostgreSQL is often chosen for its freely available nature, which allows for customization, the system's stability and security features. In addition, PostgreSQL's supporters' help and comprehensive guide make it simpler to enhance operations and troubleshoot problems. 

This combination makes sure that the DB system is both powerful as well as adaptable to several needs. In this tutorial, there are a lot of fundamental DB commands to get you started with database administration. Therefore, you will be able to create databases, and users and perform basic tasks.

PostgreSQL Ubuntu
24.01.2025
Reading time: 7 min

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Add a repository: sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list' Import the signing key: wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add - Update the list of packages in the system: sudo apt-get update Install the required Postgres version: sudo apt-get -y install postgresql-14.3 To view the list of installed DBMSs, run: dpkg --get-selections | grep postgres Also see the list of clusters: pg_lsclusters Stop PostgreSQL before making changes: sudo service postgresql stop When Postgres packages are installed, they create a default cluster for you. You should rename the new Postgres cluster so there are no conflicts with the old cluster name when upgrading. sudo pg_renamecluster 14.3 main main_pristine Upgrade the old cluster: sudo pg_upgradecluster 14.1 main Start the service: sudo service postgresql start Check the list of clusters again and make sure the new one is working: pg_lsclusters Get rid of the old cluster: sudo pg_dropcluster 14.1 main Upgrading via pg_dumpall If you need to change the major version, use the pg_dumpall program. The essence of this method is to unload data from one main version and then load it into another. Before unloading data, make sure that no changes are being made to the database right now. Otherwise, some of the changes may not be included in the final dump. Get the dump and write it to a file: pg_dumpall > output_file Stop the server: pg_ctl stop Change the name of the old directory to eliminate name conflicts: mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old The old directory can simply be deleted. 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16 June 2025 · 8 min to read
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How to Migrate a PostgreSQL Database to Another Server

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Transferring Without Remote Access If remote access is unavailable, save the database to a file, transfer it using scp, and restore it on the target server: pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres e_commerce > e_commerce.sql && scp e_commerce.sql db-admin@91.206.179.207:/var/lib/postgresql When executing the command, the password for the postgres system user will be requested, not the password for the postgres user defined within the database. Where: pg_dump creates a database backup; -h localhost is the address of the server (IP address or domain name) where the database is located. In this example, the database server address matches the server address itself. If the database is on another server and network access is available, you can specify the address of the remote database; -U postgres is the username used to connect to the database; e_commerce is the name of the database to be transferred; e_commerce.sql is the name of the file in .sql format where the database will be saved; scp is a utility for secure file copying between hosts. It uses the SSH protocol for data transfer and protection; db-admin@91.206.179.207:/var/lib/postgresql means username_on_remote_server@address_of_remote_server:full_path where the backup file will be saved. After entering the command, you first need to enter the password for the database user account (in this example, it is the postgres user), and then enter the password for the remote server user (in this example, it is the db-admin user). Now you need to upload the file to the database. Run these commands on the target server. Create a database in psql: CREATE DATABASE e_commerce; Then, exit psql and run in the terminal: psql e_commerce < e_commerce.sql Creating a Compressed Archive For larger databases, create a compressed archive: pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres e_commerce > e_commerce.tar.gzip && scp e_commerce.tar.gzip db-admin@91.206.179.207:/var/lib/postgresql Restore from the archive: psql e_commerce < e_commerce.tar.gzip Adding a Timestamp to the Archive Name If you need to know the exact date and time that the database was backed up, you can include it in the name of the file being created.  To do this, use the date command and the date format. The example below will use the day-month-year date format: pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres e_commerce > e_commerce_$(date +%d-%m-%y).sql Transferring the Database Using pgAdmin Alternatively, you can use pgAdmin's graphical interface for the Postgres database migration. Backup Database Launch pgAdmin: Open pgAdmin and connect to your PostgreSQL server. 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Restore Database: Right-click on the database name and choose Restore. Set the Format (ensure it matches the backup file). Specify the Filename of the backup file. Click Restore to begin. Wait for the Process completed confirmation. Conclusion PostgreSQL offers several methods to migrate databases between servers, including using built-in tools for flexible and robust database backups and transfers. If you've ran into some troubles, check our instruction on how to create server on Ubuntu.
15 May 2025 · 6 min to read
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Installing PostgreSQL on Debian

PostgreSQL is an advanced open-source relational database management system (DBMS). There are two ways to install it on Debian 11: from the operating system repository or the official PostgreSQL repository. In this article, you will learn both methods, as well as how to perform common operations like creating roles and databases. Don't forget to check how to configure static IP address on Debian. Installation from the Debian 11 repository On Debian, you can install PostgreSQL directly from the system repository. First, update your package list. Launch the terminal and run: sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade The PostgreSQL package is available in the Debian repository, so you can install it using the apt utility. To do this, run: sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib Once the installation is complete, check the status of the service using the command: sudo systemctl status postgresql If the service does not start automatically, you can start it manually. To do this, run: sudo systemctl start postgresql To stop a running service, run: sudo systemctl stop postgresql Before configuring PostgreSQL on Debian, make sure the service is running. Installation from the official PostgreSQL repository If you want to use only the latest versions of Postgres, we recommend using the official PostgreSQL repository for installation and subsequent updates. First of all, you need to add the GPG signing key. This is a security requirement to verify the authenticity of the PostgreSQL repository. To do this, launch a terminal and run: curl -fsSL https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/postgresql-keyring.gpg Now you are ready to add the Postgres repository. Use the following command: echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/postgresql-keyring.gpg] http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/bulseye-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/postgresql.list After successfully integrating the PostgreSQL library, you can install the DBMS. But before you do that, update the system repository using the command: sudo apt update After updating, run the following command to install PostgreSQL on Debian: sudo apt install postgresql Installation is completed. Now you can proceed to the basic configuration of PostgreSQL. Basic setup When installing Postgres, the postgres user is automatically created. You can use this account for your first connection. Switch to the postgres user: sudo su - postgres Run the psql utility which is a shell for managing PostgreSQL: psql You can now interact with the PostgreSQL server. To exit the shell, enter: \q You can use the following command to access the Postgres command line without switching users: sudo -u postgres psql However, the postgres user is usually only used from localhost. If, for example, you use cloud databases, it is better to create a new role for the connection. Creating a role and a database The createuser command allows you to create new roles from the command line. Only superusers and roles with CREATEROLE privileges can create new roles. In the following example, we will create a new role named hostman and a database named hostman_db, and then grant the new role privileges to manage the database. First create a new role: sudo su - postgres -c "createuser hostman" Then create a new database: sudo su - postgres -c "createdb hostman_db" To grant the user permissions to the database, connect to the shell: sudo -u postgres psql Run the following query to grant the hostman user privileges to manage the hostman_db database: GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE hostman_db TO hostman; You can create new roles and databases in the PostgreSQL shell. In this case, the syntax will be slightly different. To create a new role with a password, run: create user cloud with password 'hostmancloud'; To create a new database, run: create database cloud_db; Then you must also grant all privileges with the GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE … TO … command. Setting up remote access By default, the Postgres server only listens on the local interface 127.0.0.1. This may be inconvenient. Let's say you have a server on Hostman with PostgreSQL installed. It will be much more convenient to connect to it remotely. To do this, you need to configure the server to listen to other network interfaces. To change the configuration, open the postgresql.conf file using any editor. This example uses the nano editor: sudo nano /etc/postgresql/12/main/postgresql.conf Find the CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION section and the line #listen_addresses = 'localhost' in the configuration file. Change the line value to listen_addresses = '*'. If you want the server to listen not to all network interfaces, but only to the selected one, specify it instead of an asterisk. Save the file and restart the Postgres service for the changes to take effect: sudo service postgresql restart The last step is to allow connections from the network. To install it, you need to edit the pg_hba.conf file. Open it in the editor: sudo nano /etc/postgresql/12/main/pg_hba.conf Find the IPv4 local connections line. Specify the desired network. For example, like this: TYPE DATABASE     USER ADDRESS                  METHOD host all hostman 38.62.228.244  md5 You can use other authentication methods. For a complete list, see the PostgreSQL documentation. Conclusion There are two ways to install managed PostgreSQL on Debian. The first option is to use the system repository. Its main advantage is speed. There is no need to install anything additional, just run one command. The downside is that the system repository does not always contain the latest version of the software. The second installation option is to use the official PostgreSQL repository. This method ensures that you are using the latest version of the DBMS. But you will have to perform a few more steps: first, add the official repository itself and only then install Postgres from it.
09 May 2025 · 5 min to read

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