How to Install Node.js and NPM on Ubuntu 24.04

How to Install Node.js and NPM on Ubuntu 24.04
JC Brian Refugia
Technical writer
Node.js
09.09.2024
Reading time: 6 min

The popular JavaScript runtime Node.js enables server-side programming with JavaScript. NPM, a package manager for Node.js projects, helps with dependency management. This guide will show how to install NPM and Node.js on Ubuntu 24.04.

Prerequisites

  • System (or a cloud server) running in Ubuntu 24.04

  • Root access or user with sudo privileges

Installing Node.js and npm from the Default Ubuntu Repository

  1. Update the package lists to ensure to have the most recent information on package versions and dependencies. Run the command below: 

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
  1. Node.js is normally available from Ubuntu's default repository. Install it by running the following command:

sudo apt install nodejs npm  -y

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Installing Node.js and npm via the NodeSource Repository

  1. Add the NodeSource repository for Node.js: 

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo bash - 

7b6a7095 40cc 4db7 Acfb 32ea72359f17

Replace setup_20.x with the desired version. Different version can be found on nodesource.com.

  1. Use the following command to install Node.js after adding the NodeSource repository:

sudo apt install nodejs -y

Verifying the Node.js and npm Installation

Verify the following versions of Node.js and npm to make sure they were installed correctly. Run the below command.

node -v

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npm version

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Installing Specific Node.js Versions with NVM 

With the help of the robust utility Node Version Manager (NVM), devops may easily manage several Node.js versions on a single machine. This is very helpful when switching between several project needs.

  1. To install NVM, download and run the installation script from the NVM repository using the following command:

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.3/install.sh | bash

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  1. After running the scripts, source the user profile and add NVM to the shell session. Add the following lines to the user's home directory (~/.bashrc, ~/.zshrc, or the corresponding shell profile script). Create it using nano editor:

nano ~/.bashrc
  1. 3. Add the following content:
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"

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  1. Run the command below so changes will take effect.

source ~/.bashrc

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  1. With NVM installed, install the specific versions of Node.js. In this case, to install Node.js version 16, run the command below:

nvm install 16

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  1. Switch to a specific version of Node.js that is installed, using the command below.

nvm use 16

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Managing Node.js Projects

Several essential procedures and best practices are involved in managing Node.js projects in order to ensure the effectiveness, maintainability, and scalability of the application.

This is a tutorial to help to efficiently manage your Node.js projects.

  1. Launch the terminal, navigate to the project creation path, and make a folder named after the project you are creating.

mkdir my_project

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  1. Initiate the Node project by running the command npm init. Provide the required details (marked in red). All of the answers in this example will be default. The file package.json will result from this.

npm init

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  1. Install any required dependencies, such as nodemon and express. The package-lock.json file and the node_modules folder will be created as a result.
npm i express nodemon

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  1. To initialize git in the project, use the git init command. This will include the file .gitignore.
git init

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  1. Make a file called Readme.md that will have all of the project's information.
touch Readme.md

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  1. Make a file with the .env extension that will hold the project's credentials and sensitive data.
touch process.env

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  1. To launch the program, create a file with the name app.js or index.js.
touch app.js

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  1. Make two folders: Public (which contains resources and static files) and src (which contains controllers, models, routes, and views).
mkdir Public src

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  1. Check each and every folder and file that was generated. This is how a typical structure might look like. For the NODE JS application, it is best practice to establish a project structure, divide files based on their function, and place those files in the appropriate directories. To make it simple to confirm the existence and logic of any given file or folder, unify the application's naming conventions and include business logic in the controllers folder, for instance.
ls -lrt

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Best Practices for Node JS Project Structure

  1. For production systems, set up logging and monitoring with tools like Datadog or New Relic.

  2. Plan routine maintenance activities including performance reviews, security audits, and dependency updates.

  3. Put in place a backup plan for important configurations and data.

  4. Check for security flaws in your dependencies and code on a regular basis.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

There are some frequent problems that a user could run into when installing npm and Node.js. These troubleshooting instructions should help you to address the majority of typical problems that arise when installing npm and Node.js. The steps for troubleshooting these issues are listed below:

  1. When attempting to install Node.js or npm globally (i.e., using sudo), users get permission-related issues that prevent them from finishing the installation process.

  2. After installing nvm, the command is not recognized. The error nvm Command Not Found will be encountered. Make sure that the shell's configuration file (.bashrc, .bash_profile, .zshrc, etc.) has nvm sourced, and then the command source ~/.bashrc has been use to reload it.

  3. The npm version is out of date or does not correspond with the Node.js version after installing Node.js. Use nvm install <version> to install a particular Node.js version, which will include the matching npm version, and manually update npm by running npm install -g npm

Conclusion

In conclusion, an important initial step in creating new web applications and utilizing server-side JavaScript is installing Node.js and npm. Although installing software is usually simple, there are a few frequent problems that can arise, such as permissions conflicts, environment setup problems, or version mismatches. One can successfully overcome these problems by configuring npm to be compatible with your network environment, modifying system settings for global installations, and managing Node.js versions with tools like nvm.

Do not forget to update npm and Node.js frequently to take advantage of the newest features and security updates. It will have a strong base for developing and implementing Node.js-powered, scalable applications with correct setup and troubleshooting.

Node.js
09.09.2024
Reading time: 6 min

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This tool facilitates easy switching between node versions, perfect for projects that demand particular Node.js versions. Why Use NVM? Flexibility: Easily shift from one node version to another. Convenience: Handle installations, updates, and management of various versions effortlessly. Isolation: Isolates different versions to minimize conflicts. Step-by-Step Guide Adhere to these guidelines to set up and utilize NVM for node version management. Install NVM Initiate a terminal session and input: curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.1/install.sh | bash Then configure NVM in your shell profile like Bash: export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm" [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm [ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. 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Linux: Unpack the tarball and transfer the contents to /usr/local. tar -xvf node-v<version>-linux-x64.tar.xz sudo cp -r node-v<version>-linux-x64/bin /usr/local/ Next, access the .bashrc file: nano ~/.bashrc Then, insert the lines below: export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH" Save the file and use source to update settings: source ~/.bashrc Verify Installation Validate the installation via: node -v Check npm release: npm -v Method 3: Via Package Managers Homebrew and apt facilitate Node.js installation and updates by handling dependency and version management. Why Use Package Managers? Ease of Use: Simplifies installation and updates. Automation: Handles dependencies and version management. Integration: Easily integrates with other software and systems. Step-by-Step Guide Apply these procedures to upgrade Node.js via package managers. Via Homebrew (macOS) Employ the instructions on the Homebrew website if not already installed. 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How to Handle Asynchronous Tasks with Node.js and BullMQ

Handling asynchronous tasks efficiently is crucial in Node.js applications, especially when dealing with time-intensive operations like sending emails, processing images, or performing complex calculations. Without proper management, these tasks can block the event loop, leading to poor performance and a subpar user experience. This is where BullMQ comes into play. BullMQ is a powerful Node.js package that offers a reliable and scalable queuing system powered by Redis. It enables developers to transfer heavy operations to a queue in the background, keeping the main application responsive. With BullMQ you can successfully manage async queues, plan processes, and easily keep an eye on their progress. This tutorial will show you how to manage asynchronous tasks with Node.js and BullMQ. The process involves setting up a project folder, performing a time-intensive task without using BullMQ, and enhancing the application by incorporating BullMQ for running tasks in parallel. 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Import BullMQ and ioredis At the top of your index.js file, you should include the following import statements: const { Queue, Worker } = require('bullmq'); const Redis = require('ioredis'); Create a Redis Connection Next, set up a connection with Redis: const connection = new Redis(); Redis has been programmed to run on port 6379 and the localhost interface by default. 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A worker's use of the heavyComputation function during execution won't interfere with the event loop of the main application. The index.js file is structured in the following way: const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const port = 3000; app.use(express.json()); const { Queue } = require('bullmq'); const Redis = require('ioredis'); const connection = new Redis({ host: '127.0.0.1', port: 6379, maxRetriesPerRequest: null, }); const heavyTaskQueue = new Queue('heavyTaskQueue', { connection }); app.get('/heavy-task', async (req, res) => { await heavyTaskQueue.add('heavyComputation', {}); res.send('Heavy computation job added to the queue'); }); app.listen(port, () => { console.log(`Server is running on port ${port}`); }); Create a Separate Worker File Generate a fresh file and name it worker.js. The file is intended for executing the worker code in charge of handling tasks obtained from the queue. Create the worker.js file: touch worker.js Add Worker Code to worker.js: const { Worker } = require('bullmq'); const Redis = require('ioredis'); const connection = new Redis({ host: '127.0.0.1', port: 6379, maxRetriesPerRequest: null, }); // Function to simulate a heavy computation function heavyComputation() { const start = Date.now(); // Run a loop for 5 seconds while (Date.now() - start < 5000) { // Perform a CPU-intensive task Math.sqrt(Math.random()); } } const worker = new Worker( 'heavyTaskQueue', async job => { // Time-intensive task here heavyComputation(); console.log('Heavy computation completed'); }, { connection } ); worker.on('completed', job => { console.log(`Job ${job.id} has completed`); }); worker.on('failed', (job, err) => { console.log(`Job ${job.id} has failed with error ${err.message}`); }); Run the Worker in a Separate Process You must now execute worker.js as an independent Node.js process. 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This part explains how to incorporate a dashboard into your application. Install Bull Board Use npm to install the @bull-board/express package: npm install @bull-board/express Set Up Bull Board in Your Application In order to set up the bull board application, follow these steps: Import Bull Board Modules Insert the code provided at the top of your index.js file: const { createBullBoard } = require('@bull-board/api'); const { BullMQAdapter } = require('@bull-board/api/bullMQAdapter'); const { ExpressAdapter } = require('@bull-board/express'); Create an Express Adapter for the Dashboard Initialize the Express adapter: const serverAdapter = new ExpressAdapter(); serverAdapter.setBasePath('/admin/queues'); Set Up Bull Board with Your Queue Create the Bull Board instance and pass your queue: createBullBoard({ queues: [new BullMQAdapter(heavyTaskQueue)], serverAdapter: serverAdapter, }); Use the Dashboard in Your Express App Add the following line to mount the dashboard at /admin/queues: app.use('/admin/queues', serverAdapter.getRouter()); Make sure to include this line following the setup of your queue and worker. The final index.js file looks like below: // Import Express and Initialize App const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const port = 3000; app.use(express.json()); // Import BullMQ and Redis const { Queue } = require('bullmq'); const Redis = require('ioredis'); // Redis Connection const connection = new Redis({ host: '127.0.0.1', port: 6379, maxRetriesPerRequest: null, }); // Initialize Queue const heavyTaskQueue = new Queue('heavyTaskQueue', { connection }); // Define Route to Add Job to Queue app.get('/heavy-task', async (req, res) => { await heavyTaskQueue.add('heavyComputation', {}); res.send('Heavy computation job added to the queue'); }); // Import Bull Board and Set Up Dashboard const { createBullBoard } = require('@bull-board/api'); const { BullMQAdapter } = require('@bull-board/api/bullMQAdapter'); const { ExpressAdapter } = require('@bull-board/express'); const serverAdapter = new ExpressAdapter(); serverAdapter.setBasePath('/admin/queues'); createBullBoard({ queues: [new BullMQAdapter(heavyTaskQueue)], serverAdapter: serverAdapter, }); app.use('/admin/queues', serverAdapter.getRouter()); // Start the Server app.listen(port, () => { console.log(`Server is running on port ${port}`); }); Access the Dashboard To access the dashboard, follow the steps listed below: Restart Your Server node index.js Navigate to the Dashboard Open your browser and go to http://your_server_ip:3000/admin/queues. 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28 November 2024 · 11 min to read
Node.js

Installing and Using NVM (Node Version Manager)

Node Version Manager (NVM) is a powerful tool designed to manage multiple versions of Node.js on a single machine. It simplifies the process of installing, updating, and switching between different versions of Node.js, making it an essential tool for developers working on various projects with different Node.js requirements. Benefits of Using NVM Version Management: Easily install and switch between different versions of Node.js. Environment Isolation: Maintain separate Node.js versions for different projects. Convenience: Simplifies testing and development by providing quick version switching. Installing NVM To install NVM, follow these steps: 1. Download and Install Script Open a terminal and run the following command to download and install NVM: curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.1/install.sh | bash Output: 2. Load NVM After the installation, you need to add NVM to your shell profile. Run the following command: export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"   [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" 3. Verify Installation Ensure that NVM is installed correctly by checking its version: nvm --version Output: Installing Node.js Versions with NVM With NVM installed, you can now install different versions of Node.js. 1. Install a Specific Version To install a specific version of Node.js, use the following command: nvm install <version> Replace <version> with the desired Node.js version number (e.g., 14.17.0). Output: 2. Install the Latest LTS Version To install the latest Long-Term Support (LTS) version of Node.js, run: nvm install --lts Output: Switching Between Node.js Versions NVM allows you to switch between installed Node.js versions easily. 1. List Installed Versions To view all installed Node.js versions, use: nvm ls Output: 2. Switch to a Specific Version To switch to a specific version, run: nvm use <version> Replace <version> with the version number you want to use. Setting a Default Node.js Version You can set a default Node.js version that will be used in all new shell sessions. Set Default Version To set a default Node.js version, use: nvm alias default <version> Replace <version> with the desired Node.js version number. Uninstalling Node.js Versions with NVM NVM also provides an easy way to uninstall Node.js versions that are no longer needed. Uninstall a Specific Version To uninstall a specific Node.js version, run: nvm uninstall <version> Replace <version> with the version number you want to uninstall. Conclusion Using NVM (Node Version Manager) simplifies the management of multiple Node.js versions, providing a convenient and efficient workflow for developers. By following the steps outlined in this tutorial, you can easily install, switch, and manage different Node.js versions on your system. This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to installing and using NVM, ensuring a smooth and efficient Node.js version management experience. In addition, our app platform offers a variety of Node.js frameworks, including as Express, Fastify, Hapi and Nest.
17 July 2024 · 3 min to read

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