Best Backend Frameworks for Web Development in 2025

Frameworks simplify development, eliminate chaos, and provide a clear structure when building an application.

Each framework comes with a specific set of ready-made tools—battle-tested technical solutions that accelerate and simplify development.

In this article, we’ll take a look at the 10 most popular backend frameworks for 2025—essential tools for nearly every modern application.

Server Framework Tasks

Typically, any server-side application performs a set of standard functions:

• Routing. Handling user requests via a REST API.
• Authentication. Managing user registration and login.
• Logic. Implementing the core server logic: generating page content, managing carts, handling messages, etc.
• Storage. Connecting to a (remote) database to write, read, and sort data.
• Payments. Processing payment transactions.
• Extensions. Supporting third-party software (libraries and frameworks) required for managing external devices: smartphones, personal computers, servers, etc.
• Microservices. Communicating with remote applications (such as microservices) via REST API.

A good backend framework should satisfy all the above requirements, ensuring functionality, security, and performance in the final product.

1. ASP.NET Core

ASP.NET Core is a cross-platform framework developed by Microsoft for building modern web applications and APIs. It works with the C# programming language and runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Importantly, ASP.NET Core is not the same as ASP.NET Framework. It is its evolutionary successor: a modern, modular, cross-platform solution.

The framework uses the classic MVC (Model-View-Controller) design pattern to separate data and logic, dividing the application into three parts: Model, View, and Controller.

Details

• Programming Language: C#
• Developer: Microsoft
• First Release: 2016

Features

• Cross-platform. Enables development and deployment on most popular operating systems: Windows, Linux, macOS.
• Performance. Optimized for high performance and scalability, allowing apps to handle large numbers of requests.
• Modularity. Uses only the necessary components, making the application lightweight and flexible.
• Support. Actively maintained and updated by Microsoft, ensuring access to new features, bug fixes, and security improvements.
• Tooling. Integrates with modern development tools like Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code.

Audience

Thanks to its flexibility, ASP.NET Core is suitable not only for web development with its client-side services but also for mobile apps and games that require complex backend logic and fast database interactions.

However, despite its cross-platform nature, ASP.NET Core remains more focused on Windows developers and users.

The framework is especially beneficial for large enterprises and corporate developers who need to build scalable, high-performance, and fault-tolerant applications and microservices with a clear and strict architecture.

Code

Example of a basic routing setup in ASP.NET Core using the MVC template:

Model:

app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
	endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
		name: "default",
		pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});

Controller:

public class BooksController : Controller
{
	public IActionResult Details(int id)
	{
		ViewBag.Id = id;
		return View();
	}
}

View:

@{
	ViewData["Title"] = "Details";
	int id = ViewBag.Id;
}

<h1>Details</h1>
Book Id : @id

2. Django

Django is a free, high-level framework written in Python that also follows the MVC design pattern.

It’s a modular framework that heavily emphasizes the “Don’t Repeat Yourself” (DRY) principle, which helps reduce code redundancy and simplify maintenance.

Each Django project consists of multiple apps that can be developed and tested independently. This allows for easy reuse across different projects.

A key feature of the framework is its Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) tool, which allows developers to manage relational databases using only Python code—no SQL required.

Details

• Programming Language: Python
• Developer: Django Software Foundation
• First Release: 2005

Features

• Reusability. The modular architecture makes it easy to reuse code and avoid duplication.
• Tools. Has a broad set of built-in features: authentication system, admin panel, router, database manager, etc.
• Support. Offers well-structured documentation and has a large developer community actively contributing and solving common issues.

Audience

Thanks to its built-in tools and modularity, Django is ideal for quickly creating and deploying MVPs (Minimum Viable Products).

This makes it a great choice for startups and small businesses.

At the same time, Django is also scalable enough to support enterprise-level solutions.

Code

A snippet of Django code for routing user requests:

from rest_framework import routers
from collaborativeAPP import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()

router.register(r'get_one', views.OneViewSet)
router.register(r'get_two', views.TwoViewSet)
router.register(r'get_three', views.ThreeViewSet)

urlpatterns = patterns(
	...
	url(r'^service/', include(router.urls))
)

3. Laravel

Laravel is a popular PHP framework for building web applications that follows the MVC design pattern.

It’s known for its clear syntax, the Blade templating engine, and the built-in task automation tool Artisan CLI.

Laravel simplifies routine tasks, speeds up development, and delivers high application performance.

It is supported by a large community and has extensive documentation, making it an accessible tool for modern web development.

Details

• Programming Language: PHP
• Developer: Taylor Otwell + Community
• First Release: 2011

Features

• Syntax. Known for its high-level abstractions and clean, expressive syntax that simplifies writing and reading code, even for beginners.
• Templating. Has a built-in templating system that allows developers to create dynamic pages using powerful yet simple syntax.
• Community. Backed by a large and active developer community creating additional packages for the framework.

Audience

Laravel’s concise syntax is especially useful for beginner PHP developers and freelancers looking to enhance their projects with more functionality.

Its simplicity and expressiveness also make it a popular choice in educational programs for teaching web development.

Startup developers can also quickly test ideas and hypotheses using Laravel.

Code

A basic example of routing syntax in Laravel:

Route::match(array('GET', 'POST'), '/', function()
{
    return 'Main Page';
});

Route::post('foo/bar', function()
{
    return 'Foo and Bar';
});

Route::get('user/{id}', function($id)
{
    return 'User '.$id;
});

4. Ruby on Rails

Ruby on Rails (or simply Rails) is a popular web development framework written in Ruby that provides a ready-made structure for writing code. 

Its main feature is the “Convention over Configuration” principle, which radically changes the way web apps are developed by making it more intuitive and productive. 

Instead of requiring developers to write extensive config files, Rails assumes sensible defaults, significantly reducing the amount of code needed.

Details

• Programming Language: Ruby
• Developer: David Heinemeier Hansson
• First Release: 2004

Features

• Speed. With standardized conventions, developers can quickly start building functionality without extensive setup.
• Standardization. In addition to speeding up development, defaults make code easier to read and maintain, especially in teams
• Security. Includes built-in security features like protection against SQL injection, XSS, CSRF attacks, and more.

Audience

The main draw of Ruby on Rails is development speed. It’s perfect for those who need to rapidly prototype and validate new features.

Sometimes, using an off-the-shelf CMS can either overcomplicate or limit your project’s flexibility. In such cases, Rails lets you easily build a custom engine for your web app with minimal effort.

Code

A simple example of a Rails controller for displaying articles:

class ArticlesController < ApplicationController
	def index
		@articles = Article.recent
	end

	def show
		@article = Article.find(params[:id])
		fresh_when etag: @article
	end

	def create
		article = Article.create!(article_params)
		redirect_to article
	end

	private
		def article_params
			params.require(:article).permit(:title, :content)
		end
end

5. Express.js

Express.js is the most popular (and possibly the best overall backend framework) minimalist web framework on the Node.js platform, used to create flexible HTTP servers using RESTful APIs.

It's a powerful tool that suits a wide range of developers due to its simplicity and vast ecosystem.

Details

• Programming language: JavaScript
• Developer: StrongLoop and IBM
• First release: 2010

Features

• Conciseness: Simple and clear syntax in JavaScript.
• Flexibility: The framework does not enforce a strict project structure, allowing developers to design their own application architecture.
• Isomorphism: With Express.js, it’s possible to use JavaScript both on the client (browser) and server side (Node.js), unifying the stack.
• Libraries: Being built on Node.js, Express.js gives access to tens of thousands of useful server-side packages for tasks like data serialization, math operations, database writing, network connection handling, etc. All written in JavaScript.
• Proven reliability: Despite many modern alternatives, Express.js has years of support and is considered a classic, well-polished option.

Audience

Beginner Node.js developers should absolutely get familiar with Express.js as it's used in 9 out of 10 web projects.

Since it's written in JavaScript, it's an excellent gateway to backend development for frontend developers looking to build full-stack apps.

For RESTful API developers, Express.js is a must-have.

Due to its popularity and reliability, many consider it the only true JavaScript backend framework.

Code

The simplest Express.js app looks like this:

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 3000

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
	res.send('Welcome!')
})

app.listen(port, () => {
	console.log(`App is listening on port ${port}`)
})

6. CakePHP

CakePHP is an open-source framework for PHP web development based on the MVC architecture.

Originally designed as a PHP clone of Ruby on Rails, it adopted many of its ideas:

• Custom file structure
• Plugin-based extensibility
• Data abstraction tools
• Support for numerous databases

Details

• Programming language: PHP
• Developer: Cake Software Foundation
• First release: 2005

Features

• Code generation: The Bake tool quickly creates model, controller, and view skeletons, speeding up development.
• Structure: The framework assumes a predefined file/class directory structure. If followed, it automatically loads needed files with no extra setup.
• Auto-routing: It automatically connects URLs to the corresponding controllers/actions, simplifying route creation.

Audience

CakePHP is quite versatile—suitable for both startups and large enterprises. However, its wide range of tools might require beginners to spend time learning.

Code

Example controller from the official documentation:

namespace App\Controller;

class ArticlesController extends AppController
{
	public function index()
	{
		$this->loadComponent('Paginator');
		$articles = $this->Paginator->paginate($this->Articles->find());
		$this->set(compact('articles'));
	}
}

7. Flask

Flask is an extremely lightweight Python backend framework perfect for building small to medium-sized web apps. Simplicity and minimalism are its trademarks—it offers just the essentials for web development, while remaining flexible and versatile.

Details

• Programming language: Python
• Developer: Armin Ronacher
• First release: 2010

Features

• Compactness: Lightweight and fast, with no unnecessary components, making it very easy to learn.
• Flexibility: Does not impose a specific structure, allowing diverse architectural approaches.

Audience

Flask is ideal for small projects and feature-testing prototypes. It’s a great entry point into Python web development for beginners. Even as a hobby project grows into a complex commercial app, Flask’s flexibility and scalability can support the transition.

Code

Here’s a simple app with a router that renders content:

from flask import Flask, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
	return render_template('index.html')

@app.route('/about')
def about():
	return render_template('about.html')

8. Spring Boot

Spring Boot is a powerful Java backend framework built on top of the lower-level Spring framework. It is part of the Spring ecosystem and provides tools that streamline and accelerate development. While Spring itself requires complex manual configuration, Spring Boot simplifies this through auto-configuration and ready-made templates.

Details

• Programming language: Java
• Developer: Rod Johnson, VMware
• First release: 2014

Features

• Auto-configuration: Automatically configures based on defined dependencies, reducing the need for extensive config files.
• Built-in servers: Includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, and Undertow, allowing apps to run directly from the IDE or CLI.

Audience

Ideal for beginners exploring the Spring ecosystem—it makes learning much easier. Great for building microservices due to fast deployment of individual app components. Also plays well with Docker and orchestration systems like Kubernetes.

Code

A basic Spring Boot app from the official docs:

package com.example.springboot;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {
	@GetMapping("/")
	public String index() {
		return "Greetings from Spring Boot!";
	}
}

9. Koa

Koa is a modern web framework for Node.js created by the same team behind Express.js. Naturally, it's written in JavaScript. Koa can be seen as a more expressive, minimalist, and flexible iteration of Express.js, removing many of its limitations and complexities.

Details

• Programming language: JavaScript
• Developer: StrongLoop
• First release: 2017

Features

• Async-first: Designed for async/await from the ground up, making asynchronous code cleaner and more maintainable compared to traditional callbacks.
• Lightweight: Ships with no built-in middleware, so developers can pick and choose exactly what they need.

Code

A basic Koa app:

'use strict';

const Koa = require('koa');
const app = new Koa();

app.use(ctx => {
	ctx.body = 'Hello, Timeweb';
});

app.listen(3000);

10. Phoenix

Phoenix is a modern web framework for the functional programming language Elixir.

• Programming language: Elixir
• Developer: Phoenix Framework
• First release: 2014

Features

• Performance: Uses Elixir and the Erlang VM, offering high performance and scalability via functional programming and concurrency.
• Clean code: Elixir's functional nature encourages clean, predictable, and maintainable code.

Audience

Best suited for developers who prefer functional programming, immutable data, and pure functions. It is also a great tool for Erlang developers who want to build web apps using familiar principles.

Code

A basic Phoenix router from the official docs:

defmodule HelloWeb.Router do
	use HelloWeb, :router

	pipeline :browser do	
		plug :accepts, ["html"]
		plug :fetch_session
		plug :fetch_live_flash
		plug :put_root_layout, html: {HelloWeb.Layouts, :root}
		plug :protect_from_forgery
		plug :put_secure_browser_headers
	end

	pipeline :api do
		plug :accepts, ["json"]
	end

	scope "/", HelloWeb do
		pipe_through :browser
		get "/", PageController, :home
	end
end

Conclusion

We've looked at the most popular and well-established backend frameworks developers have relied on for years, and continue to rely on in 2025. Many of these frameworks are over 15 years old, which is a strong indicator of their maturity and suitability for various projects. They’ve all gone through numerous updates over time, adapting to technological changes and evolving developer needs. Their stability and robustness ensure they remain go-to tools for building modern applications.